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Why AI Models Make Things Up (and What Temperature Does) (GenAI Series, Part 11)
AI models generate by sampling likely words from a probability distribution. Why that produces confident hallucinations, what the temperature setting really does, and how to reduce it.
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The Context Window, and Why Models Forget (GenAI Series, Part 10)
The context window is everything an AI can see at once. Why models have no memory between turns, why longer prompts cost more, and why details get lost in the middle.
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Training vs Inference: Why Using AI Is the Real Cost (GenAI Series, Part 9)
Training builds a model once in three stages; inference runs it on every request, forever. Why the recurring inference bill, not the headline training cost, decides AI economics.
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Attention, the Idea That Made Modern AI Work (GenAI Series, Part 8)
How attention lets every word in a sentence weigh every other word, why it replaced slow left-to-right models, and why running in parallel is what let AI scale.
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How Neural Networks Learn, Without the Math (GenAI Series, Part 6)
Neurons, layers, and weights in plain English. How a neural network learns by guessing, measuring its error, and nudging its dials, repeated across millions of examples.
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What Generative AI Can and Cannot Do (GenAI Series, Part 5)
An honest look at generative AI: what it is genuinely good at, where it quietly fails, and why hallucination comes from the same machinery that writes its best answers.
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VCF 9 Bundle Download Failed in SDDC Manager: Causes and Fixes
VCF 9 bundle downloads showing Failed in SDDC Manager or VCF Operations are almost always a depot authorization or configuration issue, not your network. Diagnose by HTTP code and fix each root cause: token, entitlement (403), HTTPS-disabled depot, proxy, and Product Version Catalog corruption.
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VCF 9 Login Accounts: Which User ID for Which Component, and What For
One of the most common sources of confusion in VMware Cloud Foundation is simply: which user ID do I log in with, and to what? Is it vcf, root, admin, or administrator@vsphere.local? Every VCF 9 component ships its own built-in accounts, each meant for a different job — UI, API, SSH/OS, or a service account VCF…
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What a Model Really Is (GenAI Series, Part 4)
A model is not a database of answers. It is one large function that predicts the next token, built from billions of parameters. What model sizes and open vs closed weights really mean.
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How We Got from If-Statements to ChatGPT (GenAI Series, Part 3)
AI did not appear overnight. The road to ChatGPT runs through four eras, hand-written rules, machine learning, deep learning, and the 2017 transformer, explained in plain English.
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The GenAI Words Everyone Uses, and What They Actually Mean (GenAI Series, Part 2)
Model, tokens, parameters, inference, embeddings, hallucination: the words everyone uses about generative AI, sorted into build time and use time and explained in plain English.
Architect’s Toolkit
PJ’s Tools
VMware Cloud Foundation
- VCF Documentation
- VCF 9 Planning & Preparation Workbook
- VCF Bill of Materials (BoM)
- VMware Compatibility Guide
- VMware Interoperability Matrix
- VMware Configuration Maximums
- VMware Ports & Protocols
- VMware Hands-on Labs
- RVTools Download
Nutanix
AI & Cloud-Native Platform
- NVIDIA Build (Model Catalog)
- NVIDIA AI Enterprise Reference Architecture
- NVIDIA NIM Performance Benchmarking
- NVIDIA NGC Catalog
- NeMo Microservices Helm Chart
- Helm Charts Repository
- Hugging Face Models
Architecture & Design
About the Author
Dr Pranay Jha
Dr. Pranay Jha is a Cloud and AI Consultant with 18+ years of experience in hybrid cloud, virtualization, and enterprise infrastructure transformation. He specializes in VMware technologies, multi-cloud strategy, and Generative AI solutions. He holds a PhD in Computer Applications with research focused on Cloud and AI, has published multiple research papers, and has been a VMware vExpert since 2016 and a VMUG Community Leader.
Recommendations & Endorsements
Pranay has very deep technical knowledge and exceptional capabilities. He has strong ability to well-manage complex situations and deliver the customer expectations with high standards of satisfaction. We worked together in one of most complex migration projects and Pranay delivered flawlessly.
Pranay was my VMware Architect on one of our financial accounts at IBM. He was instrumental in documenting and recommending our reference architecture. As a Chief Architect, you are only as good as your team that supports you. Pranay was top notch.
Pranay is proactive, result oriented, responsible and technically sound. Always ready to put all his energy to get the job done. Exceptional troubleshooting skills in Windows Server, virtualization and VMware — a great asset to any company.
Pranay is one of the most talented and dedicated persons I have ever worked with. His vast knowledge from different domains enables him to discuss and help on almost every topic in IT. Needless to say, he is expert of experts in VMware.
DrJha