Evaluation metrics used in machine learning and data analysis

Metric Purpose Used for Range/Scale Example Accuracy Overall correctness of predictions Classification [0, 1] 0.85 (85%) Precision True positives among predicted positives Binary/Multiclass Classification [0,..

MetricPurposeUsed forRange/ScaleExample
AccuracyOverall correctness of predictionsClassification[0, 1]0.85 (85%)
PrecisionTrue positives among predicted positivesBinary/Multiclass Classification[0, 1]0.75 (75%)
Recall (Sensitivity)True positives among actual positivesBinary/Multiclass Classification[0, 1]0.90 (90%)
F1 ScoreHarmonic mean of precision and recallBinary/Multiclass Classification[0, 1]0.82
ROC-AUCArea under the Receiver Operating Characteristic curveBinary Classification[0, 1]0.89
Mean Absolute Error (MAE)Average absolute difference between actual and predicted valuesRegression[0, ∞)5.2
Mean Squared Error (MSE)Average squared difference between actual and predicted valuesRegression[0, ∞)42.3
R-squared (R2)Proportion of variance explained by the modelRegression[-∞, 1]0.75
Confusion MatrixTrue positives, true negatives, false positives, false negativesBinary/Multiclass ClassificationIntegersSee matrix example
Log Loss (Cross-Entropy)Evaluation metric for probabilistic predictionsBinary/Multiclass Classification[-∞, ∞)0.45
Mean Average Precision (MAP)Average precision across multiple classes or queriesInformation Retrieval[0, 1]0.78

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About the Author

Dr Pranay Jha

Dr. Pranay Jha is a Cloud and AI Consultant with 18+ years of experience in hybrid cloud, virtualization, and enterprise infrastructure transformation. He specializes in VMware technologies, multi-cloud strategy, and Generative AI solutions. He holds a PhD in Computer Applications with research focused on Cloud and AI, has published multiple research papers, and has been a VMware vExpert since 2016 and a VMUG Community Leader.

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